The Three Rules of Epidemics. The Law of the Few. The Power of Context Part One. The Power of Context Part Two. Case Study Rumors, Sneakers, and the Power of Translation. Case Study Suicide, Smoking, and the Search for the Unsticky Cigarette. A brief history of color in literature from LitCharts Analitics.

Introduction Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four Chapter Five Chapter Six Chapter Seven Conclusion. All Characters Gaetan Dugas. Instant downloads of all LitChart PDFs including The Tipping Point. The original play plus a side-by-side modern translation for Shakespeare's most popular plays.

LitCharts From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Sign In Sign Up. The Tipping Point by Malcolm Gladwell. Tap here to download this LitChart! Characters All Characters Gaetan Dugas. Themes and Colors Key.

LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in The Tipping Pointwhich you can use to track the themes throughout the work. The chapter begins with an example that American readers will probably find very familiar: During this event, Revere rode through Lexington and other Massachusetts towns to warn American colonists of the British invasion; in turn, American colonists warned other colonists of the danger, so that the news spread like a virus.

Tipping Points and the Importance of Small Changes. But why is it that certain ideas spread via word-of-mouth faster than others? There were other people, including a man named William Daweswho also spread a message about the British invasion in other parts of Massachusetts that night.

This chapter will try to answer the question, What is the difference between Revere and Dawes?

Why do certain kinds of people play such a big role in the spread of ideas? Thus, the chapter will study how specific personality types are often conducive to social epidemics.

In the 60s, there was a famous psychological experiment in which scientists mailed packets, each one intended for a stockbroker living in Massachusetts, to people living in Nebraska. Each Nebraska resident was given the same instructions: If a person has some interesting news, that news could pass by word-of-mouth to anyone else on the planet in a mere six steps. People from Nebraska sent their packets to many different people—and yet, amazingly, the packets ended up in the hands of these three people who knew the stockbroker.

Get the entire Tipping Point LitChart as a printable PDF. Why do certain people become Connectors? First, Connectors know lots of people. For example, at City College in New York, tests have shown that there are some students who know four or five times as many people as other students. Connectors are gregarious, friendly, and make friends effortlessly because they genuinely enjoy the process.

Intuitively, one might think that all people have social circles of approximately the same size—or at least in the same order of magnitude.

The existence of Connectors, however, suggests that certain people have social circles that are many times larger than others. Gladwell discusses a man named Roger Horchowwhom he met in the course of writing his book. Most remarkably, Roger differs from most people in that he seems to value acquaintances as much as most people value friendships. For most, an acquaintance is a potential friend: Then, these acquaintances either become our friends, or they remain just acquaintances.

Roger, however, finds great pleasure in just making casual acquaintances—a personality trait that few people have, but that might be essential to being a Connector. In the book, he often begins with a specific, personal example—his discussions with a specific person, or his visit to a specific place—and then uses the anecdotes to generalize to a law or rule. Steiger has been in more than films, of many different kinds—period piece, drama, comedy, etc.

Gladwell remembers meeting a woman in Chicago, Lois Weisberg. Weisberg worked at the Commission of Cultural Affairs for the City of Chicago, and she was one of the friendliest, most social people Gladwell ever met. At various points in her life, she ran a flea market, worked for a railroad, practiced law, composed music, and worked for the municipal government.

Lois Weisberg is another good example of a Connector, and in particular, a Connector whose friends hail from many different walks of life. In a social epidemic, Lois could potentially play a pivotal role, because she can spread awareness of the information, idea, or product to many people—and, crucially, many different kinds of people.

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Another important fact about Lois: Her salons were famous in Chicago, not only because of the talent of the guests but because they investment on latvian stock markets for beginners open to both black and white performers—a rarity at the time.

Gladwell speculates that black and white people have begun socializing with one another more and more, due to people like Lois—gregarious, open-minded people who, as Connectors, naturally bring different kinds of people together under how to complain about a stockbroker roof. Gladwell posits that the process of racial integration in the U. How to complain about a stockbroker websites that make money from adsense s, there correlation super bowl stock market a study of professionals in Boston.

Of people in Boston who were trying to find a job, the majority found their job through a personal connection. The study of professionals in Boston suggests the exponential nature of the word-of-mouth phenomenon. While two people directed a binary options trading scams have vastly different numbers binary options novice close friends, there will be an even bigger difference between their number of friends of friends, friends of friends of friends, and so on.

This helps to explain como aprender a usar forex people like Roger Horchow, who have huge numbers of acquaintances, have so much social clout: So ultimately, when a trend spreads successfully by word-of-mouth, that means that the trend spreads thanks to a small but powerful number of Connectors.

Hess forex 721 Revere was a natural Connector—he was extremely popular in his community, belonged to many elite societies, was an active member of his local government, belonged to many different areas of society, and had a huge number of acquaintances.

So when the time came for Revere to spread an important message across Lexington, Revere knew which houses belonged to important people, and made sure to ride by all of them. He also knew when it was important to stop, get off his horse, and talk to people face-to-face. Paul Revere was indeed a highly gregariousness, well-connected person, and therefore the ideal man for the famous midnight ride. So social epidemics require some different kinds of people: So far, Gladwell has been talking about the latter.

Connectors, one could say, are a necessary but insufficient part of a social epidemic. Market mavens play a crucial role in the economy: If a store were to put deceptive signs on its products, market mavens would complain about the store and tell their friends not to shop there. If a business were to do so, then a market maven would find out about the trick and tell everyone not to patronize the business anymore or, more likely, the maven would tell a Connector, and the Connector would tell all of her friends not to shop there.

Gladwell describes one market maven he knows, Mark Alpert. Alpert has an encyclopedic knowledge of prices—he can even remember prices he read about ten years ago.

He knows how to use coupons to get the best deal and—crucially—he loves to share his knowledge with other people. People like Mark Alpert are very important to epidemics because they share information openly and honestly.

When news of an exciting, relatively cheap product like the Hush Puppy becomes available to the public, people like Alpert pass news of the product to other people. Notice that, even in this chapter on individual people, Gladwell acknowledges that the actual quality of the infectious agent plays a role in the social epidemic: The third kind of people who are important to a social epidemic are Salesmen: Gladwell brings up a man named Tom Guaa financial planner.

Tom is brilliant at selling his services to new clients. Tom is a natural Salesman. But in the s, a study was conducted about the role of newscasting in presidential elections. But in fact, ABC was probably the TV network most hostile to Reagan in —if anything, ABC viewers should have been less likely to vote for Reagan. Another example of the subtleties of persuasion came with an experiment about the relationship between physical movement and agreement.

A group of students was told to wear headphones while listening to an editorial about raising college tuitions. The students were directed to move their heads in different directions—up and down, side to side, or not at all.

The students who moved their heads up and down were most likely to agree with an increase in tuition, while the students who shook their heads were most likely to disagree. The college tuition study is another example of how smart, rational people can be swayed using subconscious persuasion techniques. Advertising agencies spend millions of dollars to study these techniques of subconscious persuasion so that they can convince consumers to buy their products.

The study found that people synchronize their physical movements with their words in small, almost imperceptible ways. Like many good salesmen, Tom knows how to synchronize his motions with those of his customers and clients.

His mannerisms, expressions, and gestures are designed to both empathize and persuade. Tom Gua is probably one of these people.

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To return to one more time: First, Paul Revere was a talented Maven, who gathered important information about the British coming to Massachusetts. Second, Paul Revere was also a great Connector—just as many of the best Connectors are also the best mavens. Like many of the chapters in The Tipping Pointthis one ends by coming full circle. LitCharts LLC, 29 Nov Retrieved February 27, Download this Chart PDF. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion! Get the Teacher Edition. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class.

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